Duty Cycle Calculator (with Examples)
This tool calculates the duty cycle of a pulse. What is duty cycle? Pulse duty cycle is a fundamental concept in the field of electronics and plays an important role …
Communication Systems
Pulse Bandwidth Calculator
This tool calculates the bandwidth of a pulse from its duration Enter the time duration of the pulse and use the drop down menu to select the units (second, millisecond, …
Bit Rate to Bandwidth Calculator
This tool converts Bit rate to Bandwidth in a Communication system Enter the What is Bandwidth and Bit Rate? Definition of Bandwidth Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies transmitted …
Bit Error Rate Calculator (with Examples)
This tool calculates the Bit Error Rate or BER. It is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a fixed time interval. Contents1 …
Bandwidth Efficiency Calculator
Use this tool to calculate the bandwidth or spectral efficiency [1]. It is a measure of how efficiently frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol. Formula Bandwidth Efficiency …
Channel Capacity Calculator
This tool calculates the channel capacity according to the Shannon-Hartley theorem. The capacity is expressed in terms of bits per second. Enter: Formula C = B*Log2(1 + S/N) where, Key …
Percent of Modulation Formula and Calculator
The percentage % of modulation is an indicator of the extent to which it is modulated. Here is a picture of an unmodulated sine wave. By comparison here is a …
Modulation Index Formula and Calculator
In this post we present modulation index formula and calculators for three different modulation formats: AM, FM and FSK. Contents1 Amplitude Modulation Index1.1 Formula1.2 Calculator1.3 Example2 Frequency Modulation2.1 Formula2.2 Calculator2.3 …
QAM Symbol Rate and Bandwidth Calculator
This tool calculates both the symbol rate and bandwidth for a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signal. Inputs required: Background QAM is a popular modulation format that’s used in many modern …